Everything about Isotopes Of Nickel totally explained
Naturally occurring
nickel (
Ni) is composed of 5 stable
isotopes;
58Ni,
60Ni,
61Ni,
62Ni and
64Ni with
58Ni being the most abundant (68.077%
natural abundance). 18
radioisotopes have been characterised with the most stable being
59Ni with a
half-life of 76,000 years,
63Ni with a half-life of 100.1 years, and
56Ni with a half-life of 6.077 days. All of the remaining
radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 60 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 1
meta state.
Nickel-56 is produced in large quantities in type Ia
supernovae and the shape of the
light curve of these supernovae corresponds to the decay of nickel-56 to
cobalt-56 and then to
iron-56.
Nickel-59 is a long-lived
cosmogenic radionuclide with a half-life of 76,000 years.
59Ni has found many applications in
isotope geology.
59Ni has been used to date the terrestrial age of
meteorites and to determine abundances of extraterrestrial dust in ice and
sediment. Nickel-60 is the daughter product of the extinct radionuclide
60Fe (half-life = 1.5 Myr). Because the extinct radionuclide
60Fe had such a long half-life, its persistence in materials in the
solar system at high enough concentrations may have generated observable variations in the isotopic composition of
60Ni. Therefore, the abundance of
60Ni present in extraterrestrial material may provide insight into the origin of the solar system and its early history.
Nickel-62 has the highest
binding energy per nucleon of any isotope for any element. Isotopes heavier than
62Ni can't be formed by
nuclear fusion without losing energy.
Nickel-48, discovered in 1999, is the most proton-rich nickel isotope known . With 28
protons and 20
neutrons
48Ni is "
doubly magic" (like
208Pb) and therefore unusually stable
.
The isotopes of nickel range in
atomic weight from 48
u (48-Ni) to 78 u (78-Ni). Nickel-78's half-life was recently measured to be 110 milliseconds and is believed to be an important isotope involved in
supernova nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than iron.
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Standard atomic mass: 58.6934(2)
u
Table
nuclide
symbol |
Z(p) |
N(n) |
isotopic mass (u)
|
half-life |
nuclear
spin |
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction) |
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction) |
| excitation energy |
| 48Ni |
28 |
20 |
48.01975(54)# |
10# ms [>500ns] |
0+ |
|
|
| 49Ni |
28 |
21 |
49.00966(43)# |
13(4) ms [12(+5-3)ms] |
7/2-# |
|
|
| 50Ni |
28 |
22 |
49.99593(28)# |
9.1(18) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 51Ni |
28 |
23 |
50.98772(28)# |
30# ms [>200ns] |
7/2-# |
|
|
| 52Ni |
28 |
24 |
51.97568(9)# |
38(5) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 53Ni |
28 |
25 |
52.96847(17)# |
45(15) ms |
(7/2-)# |
|
|
| 54Ni |
28 |
26 |
53.95791(5) |
104(7) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 55Ni |
28 |
27 |
54.951330(12) |
204.7(17) ms |
7/2- |
|
|
| 56Ni |
28 |
28 |
55.942132(12) |
6.075(10) d |
0+ |
|
|
| 57Ni |
28 |
29 |
56.9397935(19) |
35.60(6) h |
3/2- |
|
|
| 58Ni |
28 |
30 |
57.9353429(7) |
STABLE [>700E+18a] |
0+ |
0.680769(89) |
|
| 59Ni |
28 |
31 |
58.9343467(7) |
7.6(5)E+4 a |
3/2- |
|
|
| 60Ni |
28 |
32 |
59.9307864(7) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.262231(77) |
|
| 61Ni |
28 |
33 |
60.9310560(7) |
STABLE |
3/2- |
0.011399(6) |
|
| 62Ni |
28 |
34 |
61.9283451(6) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.036345(17) |
|
| 63Ni |
28 |
35 |
62.9296694(6) |
100.1(20) a |
1/2- |
|
|
| 63mNi |
87.15(11) keV |
1.67(3) µs |
5/2- |
|
|
| 64Ni |
28 |
36 |
63.9279660(7) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.009256(9) |
|
| 65Ni |
28 |
37 |
64.9300843(7) |
2.5172(3) h |
5/2- |
|
|
| 65mNi |
63.37(5) keV |
69(3) µs |
1/2- |
|
|
| 66Ni |
28 |
38 |
65.9291393(15) |
54.6(3) h |
0+ |
|
|
| 67Ni |
28 |
39 |
66.931569(3) |
21(1) s |
1/2- |
|
|
| 67mNi |
1007(3) keV |
13.3(2) µs |
9/2+ |
|
|
| 68Ni |
28 |
40 |
67.931869(3) |
29(2) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 68m1Ni |
1770.0(10) keV |
276(65) ns |
0+ |
|
|
| 68m2Ni |
2849.1(3) keV |
860(50) µs |
5- |
|
|
| 69Ni |
28 |
41 |
68.935610(4) |
11.5(3) s |
9/2+ |
|
|
| 69m1Ni |
321(2) keV |
3.5(4) s |
(1/2-) |
|
|
| 69m2Ni |
2701(10) keV |
439(3) ns |
(17/2-) |
|
|
| 70Ni |
28 |
42 |
69.93650(37) |
6.0(3) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 70mNi |
2860(2) keV |
232(1) ns |
8+ |
|
|
| 71Ni |
28 |
43 |
70.94074(40) |
2.56(3) s |
1/2-# |
|
|
| 72Ni |
28 |
44 |
71.94209(47) |
1.57(5) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 73Ni |
28 |
45 |
72.94647(32)# |
0.84(3) s |
(9/2+) |
|
|
| 74Ni |
28 |
46 |
73.94807(43)# |
0.68(18) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 75Ni |
28 |
47 |
74.95287(43)# |
0.6(2) s |
(7/2+)# |
|
|
| 76Ni |
28 |
48 |
75.95533(97)# |
470(390) ms [0.24(+55-24)s] |
0+ |
|
|
| 77Ni |
28 |
49 |
76.96055(54)# |
300# ms [>300ns] |
9/2+# |
|
|
| 78Ni |
28 |
50 |
77.96318(118)# |
200# ms [>300ns] |
0+ |
|
|
==
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